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Scientists at Huntsman Cancer Institute at the (the U), the for the Mountain West, have made a significant breakthrough in predicting the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a particularly aggressive disease.
Their research, published in JCO Precision Oncology as part of the , has led to the development of a new mechanism that accurately forecasts the aggressiveness of TNBC. This advancement could revolutionize the way doctors treat TNBC, allowing them to identify higher-risk patients and tailor precise treatments.
Currently, TNBC lacks reliable methods to predict recurrence after treatments like chemotherapy and surgery. Unlike other breast cancers, TNBC is challenging to treat because its tumor cells lack estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and high levels of HER2/neu protein, according to experts at the . This often results in a higher likelihood of relapse after treatment.
Researchers used a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, where biopsies of tumors from patients were implanted into mice to grow human tumors. , senior author of the study, senior director of basic science at Huntsman Cancer Institute, and professor of oncological sciences at the U, highlights the significance of this method noting that it allows for an early and accurate assessment of the cancer鈥檚 aggressiveness.
Cindy Matsen, MD, co-first author of the study, leader of the Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Center at Huntsman Cancer Institute and associate professor in the Department of Surgery at the U, emphasizes the direct impact this research could have on patient care. She describes the study as highly relevant to addressing a major challenge in breast cancer treatment, with the potential of creating more personalized treatment plans for patients with recurrent TNBC.
The study鈥檚 mechanism was more accurate than existing methods in predicting whether TNBC will recur. Welm notes, 鈥淏y implanting a biopsy of the tumor into a PDX, we can discover how aggressive the cancer is. We hope to extend our new findings to improve the current standard tests used to predict whether the patients鈥 cancer will recur.鈥
鈥淭his study addresses a very pressing problem in the clinic,鈥 says Christos Vaklavas, MD, co-first author of the study, head of the breast cancer clinical program at Huntsman Cancer Institute, and associate professor of internal medicine at the School of Medicine at the U. 鈥淧DX models help us not only predict with greater accuracy who will relapse and who will not, but also to treat recurrences with greater precision.鈥
Matsen also underscored the practical benefits of the study. In the second phase, now underway as a clinical trial, scientists are testing specific drugs on PDX models. If these therapies prove effective, results will be shared with physicians, providing them with valuable insights on how to guide treatment decisions.
The study鈥檚 results are crucial: if a tumor grows in the PDX model, it often indicates a highly aggressive cancer, which is significantly harder to treat. Matsen stressed the urgency of improving treatment strategies, noting the devastating impact of the cancer recurrence.
鈥淭his study gives us the opportunity to provide hope and to save more lives,鈥 Matsen says.
Other Huntsman Cancer Institute scientists who contributed to the study include , and . This study was supported by the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program*, the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute, including P30 CA042014, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation.
*The work was supported by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs endorsed by the Department of Defense, in the amount of $2,092,199.00, through the Breast Cancer Research Program under Award No. W81XWH-14-1-0417. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs or the Department of Defense.
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About Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah
Huntsman Cancer Institute at the is the National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center for Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Wyoming. With a legacy of innovative cancer research, groundbreaking discoveries, and world-class patient care, we are transforming the way cancer is understood, prevented, diagnosed, treated, and survived. Huntsman Cancer Institute focuses on delivering the most advanced cancer healing and prevention through scientific breakthroughs and cutting-edge technology to advance cancer treatments of the future beyond the standard of care today. We have more than 300 open clinical trials and 250 research teams studying cancer. More genes for inherited cancers have been discovered at Huntsman Cancer Institute than at any other cancer center. Our scientists are world-renowned for understanding how cancer begins and using that knowledge to develop innovative approaches to treat each patient鈥檚 unique disease. Huntsman Cancer Institute was founded by Jon M. and Karen Huntsman.